Grid

Usage
Flow Usage

Content
Dynamic Height
Selection
Columns
Sorting
Filtering
Lazy Loading
Item Details
Context Menu
Tooltips
Drag and Drop
Inline Editing (Java Only)
Styling Rows & Columns
Theme Variants
Cell Focus
Related Components

Grid is a component for showing tabular data.

@state()
private items: Person[] = [];

protected override async firstUpdated() {
  const { people } = await getPeople();
  this.items = people;
}

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
      <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
    </vaadin-grid>
  `;
}

Content

A basic Grid uses plain text to display information in rows and columns. Rich content can be used to provide additional information in a more legible fashion. Components such as input fields and Button are also supported.

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@state()
private items?: Person[];

protected override async firstUpdated() {
  const { people } = await getPeople();
  this.items = people;
}

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
      <vaadin-grid-selection-column></vaadin-grid-selection-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        header="Employee"
        flex-grow="0"
        auto-width
        ${columnBodyRenderer(this.employeeRenderer, [])}
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="profession" auto-width></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        header="Status"
        auto-width
        ${columnBodyRenderer(this.statusRenderer, [])}
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
    </vaadin-grid>
  `;
}

private employeeRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<Person> = (person) => html`
  <vaadin-horizontal-layout style="align-items: center;" theme="spacing">
    <vaadin-avatar
      img="${person.pictureUrl}"
      name="${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}"
      alt="User avatar"
    ></vaadin-avatar>
    <vaadin-vertical-layout style="line-height: var(--lumo-line-height-m);">
      <span>${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}</span>
      <span style="font-size: var(--lumo-font-size-s); color: var(--lumo-secondary-text-color);">
        ${person.email}
      </span>
    </vaadin-vertical-layout>
  </vaadin-horizontal-layout>
`;

private statusRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<Person> = ({ status }) => html`
  <span theme="badge ${status === 'Available' ? 'success' : 'error'}">${status}</span>
`;

Component Renderer vs. Lit Renderer (Flow Only)

As demonstrated in the previous example, custom content can be rendered using component renderers or Lit renderers.

Component Renderer

Component renderers are easy to build, but slow to render. For a given column, they generate a component for each item in the dataset. The rendered components are fully controllable on the server side.

For each rendered cell, Grid creates a corresponding component instance on the server side. A dataset of 100 items and 10 columns using component renderer produce up to 1,000 components that need to be managed. The more components you use in a component renderer, the greater the impact on performance.

Component renderers are very flexible and easy to use, but should be used with caution. They’re better suited as editors since only a single row can be edited at a time. They can also be used for detail rows.

Lit Renderer

Lit renderers will render quickly, but require you to write HTML. To use components with Lit renderers, you need to use their HTML format. Lit templates are immutable, meaning the state of the components can’t be managed on the server side. However, the template can have different representations, depending on the state of the item.

The only data sent from the server, other than the template itself — which is sent only once — is the extra name property of each item.

Lit templates still enable event handling on the server side. However, you can’t, for example, disable or change the text of a button from the event handler. For such situations, use editors instead.

With Lit renderers, the server doesn’t keep track of the components in each cell. It only manages the state of the item in each row. The client side doesn’t have to wait for the server to send missing information about what needs to be rendered. It can use the template to render all of the cells it needs.

For more in-depth information, see Using Lit Renderers with Grid.

Wrap Cell Content

Overflowing cell content is clipped or truncated by default. This variant makes the content wrap instead.

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@customElement('grid-wrap-cell-content')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people;
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" theme="wrap-cell-content">
        <vaadin-grid-column
          header="Image"
          flex-grow="0"
          auto-width
          ${columnBodyRenderer(this.avatarRenderer, [])}
        ></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column
          header="Address"
          ${columnBodyRenderer(this.addressRenderer, [])}
        ></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }

  private avatarRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<Person> = (person) => html`
    <vaadin-avatar
      img="${person.pictureUrl}"
      name="${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}"
      alt="User avatar"
    ></vaadin-avatar>
  `;

  private addressRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<Person> = ({ address }) => html`
    <span>${address.street} ${address.city} ${address.zip} ${address.state}</span>
  `;
}

Tooltips can also be used to display content that doesn’t fit into the cell.

Dynamic Height

Grid has a default height of 400 pixels. It becomes scrollable when its items overflow the allocated space.

In addition to setting any fixed or relative value, the height of a grid can be set by the number of items in the dataset. The grid grows and shrinks based on the row count. This disables scrolling and shouldn’t be used for large data sets to avoid performance issues.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.invitedPeople}" all-rows-visible>
  <vaadin-grid-column header="Name" path="displayName" auto-width></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="address.phone"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column
    header="Manage"
    ${columnBodyRenderer(this.manageRenderer, [])}
  ></vaadin-grid-column>
</vaadin-grid>

Selection

Selection isn’t enabled by default. Grid supports single- and multi-select. Single-select allows the user to select only one item, while multi-select permits multiple items to be selected.

Single-Selection Mode

In single-selection mode, the user can select and deselect rows by clicking anywhere on the row.

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@state()
private items: Person[] = [];

@state()
private selectedItems: Person[] = [];

protected override async firstUpdated() {
  const { people } = await getPeople();
  this.items = people;
}

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-grid
      .items="${this.items}"
      .selectedItems="${this.selectedItems}"
      @active-item-changed="${(e: GridActiveItemChangedEvent<Person>) => {
        const item = e.detail.value;
        this.selectedItems = item ? [item] : [];
      }}"
    >
      <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
    </vaadin-grid>
  `;
}

Multi-Select Mode

In multi-select mode, the user can use a checkbox column to select and deselect rows.

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@customElement('grid-multi-select-mode')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people;
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
        <vaadin-grid-selection-column></vaadin-grid-selection-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }
}

Columns

Column alignment, freezing (i.e., fixed positioning), grouping, headers and footers, visibility, and width can be configured. Users can be permitted to resize and reorder columns.

Column Alignment

Three different column alignments are supported: left (default), center, and right.

Right alignment is useful when comparing numeric values, as it helps with readability and scannability. Tabular numbers — if the font offers them — or a monospace font could be used to further improve digit alignment.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
  <vaadin-grid-column path="displayName" header="Name"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column
    header="Due"
    ${columnBodyRenderer(() => html`<span>${this.randomDate()}</span>`, [])}
  ></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column
    header="Amount"
    text-align="end"
    ${columnBodyRenderer(
      () => html`
        <span style="font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums">${this.randomAmount()}</span>
      `,
      []
    )}
  ></vaadin-grid-column>
</vaadin-grid>

Column Freezing

Columns and column groups can be frozen — made sticky — to exclude them from scrolling a grid, horizontally. This can be useful for keeping the most important columns always visible in a grid with many columns. Freezing columns at the end of the grid is useful, for example, for keeping row actions always visible.

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<vaadin-grid-column
  frozen
  header="Name"
  auto-width
  flex-grow="0"
  ${columnBodyRenderer<Person>(
    (person) => html`${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
    []
  )}
></vaadin-grid-column>
<vaadin-grid-column
  frozen-to-end
  auto-width
  flex-grow="0"
  ${columnBodyRenderer(
    () => html`<vaadin-button theme="tertiary-inline">Edit</vaadin-button>`,
    []
  )}
></vaadin-grid-column>

Although it’s technically possible to freeze any column, it should be used primarily to freeze columns at the start or end of the grid, leaving the remaining columns unfrozen.

Column Grouping

It’s possible to group columns together. Grouped columns share a common header and footer. Use this feature to better visualize and organize related or hierarchical data.

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@customElement('grid-column-grouping')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people;
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
        <vaadin-grid-column-group header="Name">
          <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        </vaadin-grid-column-group>
        <vaadin-grid-column-group header="Address">
          <vaadin-grid-column path="address.street"></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="address.city"></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="address.zip"></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="address.state"></vaadin-grid-column>
        </vaadin-grid-column-group>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }
}

Column Headers & Footers

Each column has its own customizable header and footer. A basic column header shows the name in plain text. Footers are empty and thus hidden by default. Both can contain rich content and components.

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@state()
private items: Person[] = [];

protected override async firstUpdated() {
  const { people } = await getPeople();
  this.items = people.map((person) => ({
    ...person,
    displayName: `${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
  }));
}

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
      <vaadin-grid-column
        header="Name"
        path="displayName"
        ${columnFooterRenderer(() => html`<span>200 total members</span>`, [])}
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        ${columnHeaderRenderer(this.subscriberHeaderRenderer, [])}
        ${columnBodyRenderer(this.subscriberRenderer, [])}
        ${columnFooterRenderer(() => html`<span>102 subscribers</span>`, [])}
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        path="membership"
        ${columnHeaderRenderer(this.membershipHeaderRenderer, [])}
        ${columnFooterRenderer(() => html`<span>103 regular, 71 premium , 66 VIP</span>`, [])}
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
    </vaadin-grid>
  `;
}

private subscriberHeaderRenderer = () => html`
  <vaadin-horizontal-layout style="align-items: center;">
    <span>Subscriber</span>
    <vaadin-icon
      icon="vaadin:info-circle"
      title="Subscribers are paying customers"
      style="height: var(--lumo-font-size-m); color: var(--lumo-contrast-70pct);"
    ></vaadin-icon>
  </vaadin-horizontal-layout>
`;

private subscriberRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<Person> = (person) =>
  html`<span>${person.subscriber ? 'Yes' : 'No'}</span>`;

private membershipHeaderRenderer = () => html`
  <vaadin-horizontal-layout style="align-items: center;">
    <span>Membership</span>
    <vaadin-icon
      icon="vaadin:info-circle"
      title="Membership levels determines which features a client has access to"
      style="height: var(--lumo-font-size-m); color: var(--lumo-contrast-70pct);"
    ></vaadin-icon>
  </vaadin-horizontal-layout>
`;

Column Visibility

Columns and column groups can be hidden. You can provide the user with a menu for toggling column visibilities, for example using Menu Bar.

Allowing the user to hide columns is useful when only a subset of the columns is relevant to their task, and if there are plenty of columns.

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@state()
private items: Person[] = [];

@state()
private contextMenuItems: Array<ContextMenuItem & { key: string }> = [
  { text: 'First name', checked: true, key: 'firstName' },
  { text: 'Last name', checked: true, key: 'lastName' },
  { text: 'Email', checked: true, key: 'email' },
  { text: 'Phone', checked: true, key: 'phone' },
  { text: 'Profession', checked: true, key: 'profession' },
];

protected override async firstUpdated() {
  const { people } = await getPeople();
  this.items = people;
}

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-horizontal-layout style="align-items: baseline">
      <strong style="flex: 1;">Employees</strong>
      <vaadin-context-menu
        open-on="click"
        .items="${this.contextMenuItems}"
        @item-selected="${(e: ContextMenuItemSelectedEvent) => {
          const value = e.detail.value as ContextMenuItem & { key: string };
          this.contextMenuItems = this.contextMenuItems.map((item) =>
            item.key === value.key ? { ...item, checked: !value.checked } : item
          );
        }}"
      >
        <vaadin-button theme="tertiary">Show/Hide Columns</vaadin-button>
      </vaadin-context-menu>
    </vaadin-horizontal-layout>

    <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
      <vaadin-grid-column
        path="firstName"
        .hidden="${!this.contextMenuItems[0].checked}"
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        path="lastName"
        .hidden="${!this.contextMenuItems[1].checked}"
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        path="email"
        .hidden="${!this.contextMenuItems[2].checked}"
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        path="address.phone"
        .hidden="${!this.contextMenuItems[3].checked}"
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        path="profession"
        .hidden="${!this.contextMenuItems[4].checked}"
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
    </vaadin-grid>
  `;
}

Column Reordering & Resizing

Enabling the user to reorder columns is useful when they want to compare data that isn’t adjacent by default. Grouped columns can only be reordered within their group.

Resizing is helpful when a column’s content doesn’t fit and is cut off or varies in length.

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@customElement('grid-column-reordering-resizing')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people;
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" column-reordering-allowed>
        <vaadin-grid-column-group header="Name">
          <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName" resizable></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName" resizable></vaadin-grid-column>
        </vaadin-grid-column-group>
        <vaadin-grid-column-group header="Address">
          <vaadin-grid-column path="address.street" resizable></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="address.city" resizable></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="address.zip" resizable></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="address.state" resizable></vaadin-grid-column>
        </vaadin-grid-column-group>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }
}

Column Width

All columns are the same width by default. You can set a specific width for any column, or allow the Grid to set the width automatically based on the contents.

Column widths can be fixed or non-fixed (default). Fixed width columns don’t grow or shrink as the available space changes, while non-fixed width columns do.

In the following example, the first and last columns have fixed widths. The second column’s width is set to be based on the content, while the third column takes up the remaining space.

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@customElement('grid-column-width')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people.map((person) => ({
      ...person,
      displayName: `${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
    }));
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-split-layout>
        <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" style="width: 100%;">
          <vaadin-grid-selection-column></vaadin-grid-selection-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName" width="7em" flex-grow="0"></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="profession" auto-width flex-grow="0"></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
          <vaadin-grid-column
            width="6em"
            flex-grow="0"
            header="Has Sub"
            ${columnBodyRenderer<Person>((item) => html`${item.subscriber ? 'Yes' : 'No'}`, [])}
          ></vaadin-grid-column>
        </vaadin-grid>
        <div></div>
      </vaadin-split-layout>
    `;
  }
}

Sorting

Any column can be made sortable. Enable sorting to allow the user to sort items alphabetically, numerically, by date, etc.

For detailed information on how to configure sorting in Flow, see Column Sorting.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="id"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="displayName" header="Name"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="birthday"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
</vaadin-grid>

Sorting by Multiple Columns

The Grid can be sorted by multiple columns simultaneously by enabling multi-sort mode. When this is enabled, clicking a column header adds that column as a sort criterion instead of replacing the current sort column. A separate multi-sort on shift-click mode combines the two by multi-sorting only when the column header is clicked while holding shift. The order in which multi-sort criteria (columns) are evaluated is determined by the multi-sort priority setting.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" multi-sort multi-sort-priority="append">
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="id"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="displayName" header="Name"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
  <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="birthday"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
</vaadin-grid>

Note

Shift-Click Multi-Sorting has Accessibility Issues

The multi-sort on shift-click mode is not recommended for applications for which accessibility is important. The feature is unlikely to work well with assistive technologies, and the lack of visual affordances makes it difficult to discover for sighted users.

Specifying the Sort Property

Columns with rich or custom content can be sorted by defining the property by which to sort. For example, you can have a column containing a person’s profile picture, name and email sorted by the person’s last name.

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@state()
private items: Person[] = [];

protected override async firstUpdated() {
  const { people } = await getPeople();
  this.items = people;
}

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
      <vaadin-grid-sort-column
        header="Employee"
        path="lastName"
        ${columnBodyRenderer(this.employeeRenderer, [])}
      ></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column
        ${columnHeaderRenderer(this.birthdayHeaderRenderer, [])}
        ${columnBodyRenderer(this.birthdayRenderer, [])}
      ></vaadin-grid-column>
    </vaadin-grid>
  `;
}

private employeeRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<Person> = (person) => html`
  <vaadin-horizontal-layout style="align-items: center;" theme="spacing">
    <vaadin-avatar
      img="${person.pictureUrl}"
      name="${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}"
      alt="User avatar"
    ></vaadin-avatar>
    <vaadin-vertical-layout style="line-height: var(--lumo-line-height-m);">
      <span>${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}</span>
      <span style="font-size: var(--lumo-font-size-s); color: var(--lumo-secondary-text-color);">
        ${person.email}
      </span>
    </vaadin-vertical-layout>
  </vaadin-horizontal-layout>
`;

private birthdayHeaderRenderer = () => html`
  <vaadin-grid-sorter path="birthday">Birthdate</vaadin-grid-sorter>
`;

private birthdayRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<Person> = (person) => {
  const birthday = parseISO(person.birthday);
  return html`
    <vaadin-vertical-layout style="line-height: var(--lumo-line-height-m);">
      <span> ${format(birthday, 'P')} </span>
      <span style="font-size: var(--lumo-font-size-s); color: var(--lumo-secondary-text-color);">
        Age: ${differenceInYears(Date.now(), birthday)}
      </span>
    </vaadin-vertical-layout>
  `;
};

Sorting helps users find and analyze data. Therefore, it’s recommended to enable sorting for all applicable columns. An exception would be where the order is an essential part of the data itself, such as with prioritized lists.

Filtering

Filtering allows the user to find quickly a specific item or subset of items. You can add filters to Grid columns or use external filter fields.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}">
  <vaadin-grid-filter-column
    header="Name"
    path="displayName"
    flex-grow="0"
    width="230px"
    ${columnBodyRenderer(this.nameRenderer, [])}
  ></vaadin-grid-filter-column>
  <vaadin-grid-filter-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-filter-column>
  <vaadin-grid-filter-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-filter-column>
</vaadin-grid>

Place filters outside the grid when the filter is based on multiple columns, or when a bigger field or more complex filter UI is needed, one which wouldn’t fit well in a column.

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@state()
private filteredItems: PersonEnhanced[] = [];

private items: PersonEnhanced[] = [];

protected override async firstUpdated() {
  const { people } = await getPeople();
  const items = people.map((person) => ({
    ...person,
    displayName: `${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
  }));
  this.items = items;
  this.filteredItems = items;
}

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-vertical-layout theme="spacing">
      <vaadin-text-field
        placeholder="Search"
        style="width: 50%;"
        @value-changed="${(e: TextFieldValueChangedEvent) => {
          const searchTerm = (e.detail.value || '').trim();
          const matchesTerm = (value: string) =>
            value.toLowerCase().includes(searchTerm.toLowerCase());

          this.filteredItems = this.items.filter(
            ({ displayName, email, profession }) =>
              !searchTerm ||
              matchesTerm(displayName) ||
              matchesTerm(email) ||
              matchesTerm(profession)
          );
        }}"
      >
        <vaadin-icon slot="prefix" icon="vaadin:search"></vaadin-icon>
      </vaadin-text-field>
      <vaadin-grid .items="${this.filteredItems}">
        <vaadin-grid-column
          header="Name"
          flex-grow="0"
          width="230px"
          ${columnBodyRenderer(this.nameRenderer, [])}
        ></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    </vaadin-vertical-layout>
  `;
}

Lazy Loading

When you want to display a list of items which would be quite large to load entirely into memory, or you want to load items from a database, data providers can be used to provide lazy loading through pagination.

The following example uses a data provider for lazy loading, sorting, and filtering items:

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async function fetchPeople(params: {
  page: number;
  pageSize: number;
  searchTerm: string;
  sortOrders: GridSorterDefinition[];
}) {
  const { page, pageSize, searchTerm, sortOrders } = params;
  const { people } = await getPeople();

  let result = people.map((person) => ({
    ...person,
    fullName: `${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
  }));

  // Filtering
  if (searchTerm) {
    result = result.filter(
      (p) => matchesTerm(p.fullName, searchTerm) || matchesTerm(p.profession, searchTerm)
    );
  }

  // Sorting
  const sortBy = Object.fromEntries(sortOrders.map(({ path, direction }) => [path, direction]));
  if (sortBy.fullName) {
    result = result.sort((p1, p2) => compare(p1.fullName, p2.fullName, sortBy.fullName));
  } else if (sortBy.profession) {
    result = result.sort((p1, p2) => compare(p1.profession, p2.profession, sortBy.profession));
  }

  // Pagination
  const count = result.length;
  result = result.slice(page * pageSize, pageSize);

  return { people: result, count };
}

...

@state()
private searchTerm = '';

@query('#grid')
private grid!: Grid;

private dataProvider = async (
  params: GridDataProviderParams<Person>,
  callback: GridDataProviderCallback<Person>
) => {
  const { page, pageSize, sortOrders } = params;

  const { people, count } = await fetchPeople({
    page,
    pageSize,
    sortOrders,
    searchTerm: this.searchTerm,
  });

  callback(people, count);
};

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-vertical-layout theme="spacing">
      <vaadin-text-field
        placeholder="Search"
        style="width: 50%;"
        @value-changed="${(e: TextFieldValueChangedEvent) => {
          this.searchTerm = (e.detail.value || '').trim();
          this.grid.clearCache();
        }}"
      >
        <vaadin-icon slot="prefix" icon="vaadin:search"></vaadin-icon>
      </vaadin-text-field>
      <vaadin-grid id="grid" .dataProvider="${this.dataProvider}">
        <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="fullName" header="Name"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
        <vaadin-grid-sort-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-sort-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    </vaadin-vertical-layout>
  `;
}

To learn more about data providers, see Binding Items to Components (Java only).

Item Details

Item details are expandable content areas that can be displayed below the regular content of a row. They can be used to display more information about an item. By default, an item’s details are toggled by clicking on the item’s row.

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@customElement('grid-item-details')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  @state()
  private detailsOpenedItem: Person[] = [];

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people.map((person) => ({
      ...person,
      displayName: `${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
    }));
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid
        theme="row-stripes"
        .items="${this.items}"
        .detailsOpenedItems="${this.detailsOpenedItem}"
        @active-item-changed="${(event: GridActiveItemChangedEvent<Person>) => {
          const person = event.detail.value;
          this.detailsOpenedItem = person ? [person] : [];
        }}"
        ${gridRowDetailsRenderer<Person>(
          (person) => html`
            <vaadin-form-layout .responsiveSteps="${[{ minWidth: '0', columns: 3 }]}">
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="Email address"
                .value="${person.email}"
                colspan="3"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="Phone number"
                .value="${person.address.phone}"
                colspan="3"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="Street address"
                .value="${person.address.street}"
                colspan="3"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="ZIP code"
                .value="${person.address.zip}"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="City"
                .value="${person.address.city}"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="State"
                .value="${person.address.state}"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
            </vaadin-form-layout>
          `,
          []
        )}
      >
        <vaadin-grid-column path="displayName" header="Name"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }
}

The default toggle behavior can be replaced by programmatically toggling the details visibility, such as from a button click.

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@customElement('grid-item-details-toggle')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  @state()
  private detailsOpenedItems: Person[] = [];

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people.map((person) => ({
      ...person,
      displayName: `${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
    }));
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid
        theme="row-stripes"
        .items="${this.items}"
        .detailsOpenedItems="${this.detailsOpenedItems}"
        ${gridRowDetailsRenderer<Person>(
          (person) => html`
            <vaadin-form-layout .responsiveSteps="${[{ minWidth: '0', columns: 3 }]}">
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="Email address"
                .value="${person.email}"
                colspan="3"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="Phone number"
                .value="${person.address.phone}"
                colspan="3"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="Street address"
                .value="${person.address.street}"
                colspan="3"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="ZIP code"
                .value="${person.address.zip}"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="City"
                .value="${person.address.city}"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
              <vaadin-text-field
                label="State"
                .value="${person.address.state}"
                readonly
              ></vaadin-text-field>
            </vaadin-form-layout>
          `,
          []
        )}
      >
        <vaadin-grid-column path="displayName" header="Name"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column
          ${columnBodyRenderer<Person>(
            (person) => html`
              <vaadin-button
                theme="tertiary"
                @click="${() => {
                  const isOpened = this.detailsOpenedItems.includes(person);
                  this.detailsOpenedItems = isOpened
                    ? this.detailsOpenedItems.filter((p) => p !== person)
                    : [...this.detailsOpenedItems, person];
                }}"
              >
                Toggle details
              </vaadin-button>
            `,
            []
          )}
        ></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }
}

Tooltips can be used as a lightweight alternative to the item details panel.

You can use Context Menu to provide shortcuts for the user. It appears on a right-click by default or a left click. In a mobile browser, a long press opens the menu.

Using a context menu shouldn’t be the only way of accomplishing a task. The same functionality needs to be accessible elsewhere in the UI.

See Context Menu for more information.

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private renderMenu: ContextMenuLitRenderer = (context, menu) => {
  const { sourceEvent } = context.detail as { sourceEvent: Event };
  const grid = menu.firstElementChild as Grid<Person>;

  const eventContext = grid.getEventContext(sourceEvent);
  const person = eventContext.item!;

  const clickHandler = (_action: string) => () => {
    // console.log(`${action}: ${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`);
  };

  return html`
    <vaadin-list-box>
      <vaadin-item @click="${clickHandler('Edit')}">Edit</vaadin-item>
      <vaadin-item @click="${clickHandler('Delete')}">Delete</vaadin-item>
      <hr />
      <vaadin-item @click="${clickHandler('Email')}">Email (${person.email})</vaadin-item>
      <vaadin-item @click="${clickHandler('Call')}">Call (${person.address.phone})</vaadin-item>
    </vaadin-list-box>
  `;
};

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-context-menu ${contextMenuRenderer(this.renderMenu, [])}>
      <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" @vaadin-contextmenu="${this.onContextMenu}">
        <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    </vaadin-context-menu>
  `;
}

onContextMenu(e: MouseEvent) {
  // Prevent opening context menu on header row.
  if ((e.currentTarget as Grid).getEventContext(e).section !== 'body') {
    e.stopPropagation();
  }
}

Tooltips

Tooltips on cells can be used for many different use cases: They can be used for providing additional details on the contents of a cell — if an item details panel would be overkill or otherwise undesirable. They can provide the full text of a cell if it’s too long to fit feasibly into the cell itself — if wrapping the cell contents is insufficient or otherwise undesirable. Or they can provide textual explanations for non-text content, such as status icons.

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private tooltipGenerator = (context: GridEventContext<Person>): string => {
  let text = '';

  const { column, item } = context;
  if (column && item) {
    switch (column.path) {
      case 'birthday':
        text = `Age: ${differenceInYears(Date.now(), parseISO(item.birthday))}`;
        break;
      case 'status':
        text = item.status;
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }
  }

  return text;
};

...

<vaadin-tooltip slot="tooltip" .generator="${this.tooltipGenerator}"></vaadin-tooltip>

See Tooltips documentation for details on tooltip configuration.

Drag and Drop

Grid supports drag-and-drop actions. For example, this feature might be used to reorder rows and to drag rows between grids.

Drop Mode

The drop mode of a grid determines where a drop can happen. Vaadin offers four different drop modes:

Drop Mode	Description
On Grid	Drops can occur on the grid as a whole, not on top of rows or between individual rows. Use this option when the order isn’t important.
Between	Drops can happen between rows. Use this mode when the order is important.
On Top	Drops can take place on top of rows. This is useful when creating relationships between items or moving an item into another item, such as placing a file inside a folder.
On Top or Between	Drops can occur on top of rows or between rows.

Drop Mode

Description

On Grid

Drops can occur on the grid as a whole, not on top of rows or between individual rows. Use this option when the order isn’t important.

Between

Drops can happen between rows. Use this mode when the order is important.

On Top

Drops can take place on top of rows. This is useful when creating relationships between items or moving an item into another item, such as placing a file inside a folder.

On Top or Between

Drops can occur on top of rows or between rows.

Row Reordering

You can drag rows to reorder them.

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@customElement('grid-row-reordering')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  @state()
  private draggedItem?: Person;

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people;
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid
        .items="${this.items}"
        rows-draggable
        drop-mode="between"
        @grid-dragstart="${(event: GridDragStartEvent<Person>) => {
          this.draggedItem = event.detail.draggedItems[0];
        }}"
        @grid-dragend="${() => {
          delete this.draggedItem;
        }}"
        @grid-drop="${(event: GridDropEvent<Person>) => {
          const { dropTargetItem, dropLocation } = event.detail;
          // Only act when dropping on another item
          if (this.draggedItem && dropTargetItem !== this.draggedItem) {
            // Remove the item from its previous position
            const draggedItemIndex = this.items.indexOf(this.draggedItem);
            this.items.splice(draggedItemIndex, 1);
            // Re-insert the item at its new position
            const dropIndex =
              this.items.indexOf(dropTargetItem) + (dropLocation === 'below' ? 1 : 0);
            this.items.splice(dropIndex, 0, this.draggedItem);
            // Re-assign the array to refresh the grid
            this.items = [...this.items];
          }
        }}"
      >
        <vaadin-grid-column
          header="Image"
          flex-grow="0"
          auto-width
          ${columnBodyRenderer(this.avatarRenderer, [])}
        ></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }

  private avatarRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<Person> = (person) => html`
    <vaadin-avatar
      img="${person.pictureUrl}"
      name="${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}"
      alt="User avatar"
    ></vaadin-avatar>
  `;
}

Drag Rows between Grids

Rows can be dragged from one grid to another. You might use this feature to move, copy or link items from different datasets.

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@state()
private draggedItem?: Person;

@state()
private grid1Items: Person[] = [];

@state()
private grid2Items: Person[] = [];

protected override async firstUpdated() {
  const { people } = await getPeople({ count: 10 });
  this.grid1Items = people.slice(0, 5);
  this.grid2Items = people.slice(5);
}

private startDraggingItem = (event: GridDragStartEvent<Person>) => {
  this.draggedItem = event.detail.draggedItems[0];
};

private clearDraggedItem = () => {
  delete this.draggedItem;
};

protected override render() {
  return html`
    <div class="grids-container">
      <vaadin-grid
        .items="${this.grid1Items}"
        rows-draggable
        drop-mode="on-grid"
        @grid-dragstart="${this.startDraggingItem}"
        @grid-dragend="${this.clearDraggedItem}"
        @grid-drop="${() => {
          const draggedPerson = this.draggedItem!;
          const draggedItemIndex = this.grid2Items.indexOf(draggedPerson);
          if (draggedItemIndex >= 0) {
            // Remove the item from its previous position
            this.grid2Items.splice(draggedItemIndex, 1);
            // Re-assign the array to refresh the grid
            this.grid2Items = [...this.grid2Items];
            // Re-assign the array to refresh the grid
            this.grid1Items = [...this.grid1Items, draggedPerson];
          }
        }}"
      >
        <vaadin-grid-column
          header="Full name"
          ${columnBodyRenderer<Person>(
            (person) => html`${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
            []
          )}
        ></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>

      <vaadin-grid
        .items="${this.grid2Items}"
        rows-draggable
        drop-mode="on-grid"
        @grid-dragstart="${this.startDraggingItem}"
        @grid-dragend="${this.clearDraggedItem}"
        @grid-drop="${() => {
          const draggedPerson = this.draggedItem!;
          const draggedItemIndex = this.grid1Items.indexOf(draggedPerson);
          if (draggedItemIndex >= 0) {
            // Remove the item from its previous position
            this.grid1Items.splice(draggedItemIndex, 1);
            // Re-assign the array to refresh the grid
            this.grid1Items = [...this.grid1Items];
            // Re-assign the array to refresh the grid
            this.grid2Items = [...this.grid2Items, draggedPerson];
          }
        }}"
      >
        <vaadin-grid-column
          header="Full name"
          ${columnBodyRenderer<Person>(
            (person) => html`${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`,
            []
          )}
        ></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    </div>
  `;
}

Drag and Drop Filters

Drag and drop filters determine which rows are draggable and which rows are valid drop targets. The filters function on a per row basis.

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@customElement('grid-drag-drop-filters')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @query('vaadin-grid')
  private grid!: Grid<Person>;

  @state()
  private draggedItem?: Person;

  @state()
  private items: Person[] = [];

  @state()
  private managers: Person[] = [];

  @state()
  private expandedItems: Person[] = [];

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people;
    this.managers = this.items.filter((item) => item.manager);
    // Avoid using this method
    this.grid.clearCache();
  }

  private dataProvider = (
    params: GridDataProviderParams<Person>,
    callback: GridDataProviderCallback<Person>
  ) => {
    const { page, pageSize, parentItem } = params;
    const startIndex = page * pageSize;
    const endIndex = startIndex + pageSize;

    /*
    We cannot change the underlying data in this demo so this dataProvider uses
    a local field to fetch its values. This allows us to keep a reference to the
    modified list instead of loading a new list every time the dataProvider gets
    called. In a real application, you should always access your data source
    here and avoid using grid.clearCache() whenever possible.
    */
    const result = parentItem
      ? this.items.filter((item) => item.managerId === parentItem.id)
      : this.managers.slice(startIndex, endIndex);

    callback(result, result.length);
  };

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid
        .dataProvider="${this.dataProvider}"
        .itemIdPath="${'id'}"
        .expandedItems="${this.expandedItems}"
        @expanded-items-changed="${(event: GridExpandedItemsChangedEvent<Person>) => {
          this.expandedItems = event.detail.value;
        }}"
        rows-draggable
        drop-mode="on-top"
        @grid-dragstart="${(event: GridDragStartEvent<Person>) => {
          this.draggedItem = event.detail.draggedItems[0];
        }}"
        @grid-dragend="${() => {
          delete this.draggedItem;
        }}"
        @grid-drop="${(event: GridDropEvent<Person>) => {
          const manager = event.detail.dropTargetItem;
          if (this.draggedItem) {
            // In a real application, when using a data provider, you should
            // change the persisted data instead of updating a field
            this.draggedItem.managerId = manager.id;
            // Avoid using this method
            this.grid.clearCache();
          }
        }}"
        .dragFilter="${(model: GridItemModel<Person>) => {
          const item = model.item;
          return !item.manager; // Only drag non-managers
        }}"
        .dropFilter="${(model: GridItemModel<Person>) => {
          const item = model.item;
          return (
            item.manager && // Can only drop on a supervisor
            item.id !== this.draggedItem?.managerId // Disallow dropping on the same manager
          );
        }}"
      >
        <vaadin-grid-tree-column
          path="firstName"
          item-has-children-path="manager"
        ></vaadin-grid-tree-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }
}

Inline Editing (Java Only)

Grid can be configured to allow inline editing. Editing can be either buffered or non-buffered. Buffered means changes must be explicitly committed, while non-buffered automatically commit changes on blur — when a field loses focus.

Buffered

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Grid<Person> grid = new Grid<>(Person.class, false);
Editor<Person> editor = grid.getEditor();

Grid.Column<Person> firstNameColumn = grid
        .addColumn(Person::getFirstName).setHeader("First name")
        .setWidth("120px").setFlexGrow(0);
Grid.Column<Person> lastNameColumn = grid.addColumn(Person::getLastName)
        .setHeader("Last name").setWidth("120px").setFlexGrow(0);
Grid.Column<Person> emailColumn = grid.addColumn(Person::getEmail)
        .setHeader("Email");
Grid.Column<Person> editColumn = grid.addComponentColumn(person -> {
    Button editButton = new Button("Edit");
    editButton.addClickListener(e -> {
        if (editor.isOpen())
            editor.cancel();
        grid.getEditor().editItem(person);
    });
    return editButton;
}).setWidth("150px").setFlexGrow(0);

Binder<Person> binder = new Binder<>(Person.class);
editor.setBinder(binder);
editor.setBuffered(true);

TextField firstNameField = new TextField();
firstNameField.setWidthFull();
binder.forField(firstNameField)
        .asRequired("First name must not be empty")
        .withStatusLabel(firstNameValidationMessage)
        .bind(Person::getFirstName, Person::setFirstName);
firstNameColumn.setEditorComponent(firstNameField);

TextField lastNameField = new TextField();
lastNameField.setWidthFull();
binder.forField(lastNameField).asRequired("Last name must not be empty")
        .withStatusLabel(lastNameValidationMessage)
        .bind(Person::getLastName, Person::setLastName);
lastNameColumn.setEditorComponent(lastNameField);

EmailField emailField = new EmailField();
emailField.setWidthFull();
binder.forField(emailField).asRequired("Email must not be empty")
        .withValidator(
                new EmailValidator("Enter a valid email address"))
        .withStatusLabel(emailValidationMessage)
        .bind(Person::getEmail, Person::setEmail);
emailColumn.setEditorComponent(emailField);

Button saveButton = new Button("Save", e -> editor.save());
Button cancelButton = new Button(VaadinIcon.CLOSE.create(),
        e -> editor.cancel());
cancelButton.addThemeVariants(ButtonVariant.LUMO_ICON,
        ButtonVariant.LUMO_ERROR);
HorizontalLayout actions = new HorizontalLayout(saveButton,
        cancelButton);
actions.setPadding(false);
editColumn.setEditorComponent(actions);

Non-Buffered

In the example below, double-click a row to start editing. Press Escape, or click on a different row to stop editing.

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Grid<Person> grid = new Grid<>(Person.class, false);
Grid.Column<Person> firstNameColumn = grid
        .addColumn(Person::getFirstName).setHeader("First name")
        .setWidth("120px").setFlexGrow(0);
Grid.Column<Person> lastNameColumn = grid.addColumn(Person::getLastName)
        .setHeader("Last name").setWidth("120px").setFlexGrow(0);
Grid.Column<Person> emailColumn = grid.addColumn(Person::getEmail)
        .setHeader("Email");

Binder<Person> binder = new Binder<>(Person.class);
Editor<Person> editor = grid.getEditor();
editor.setBinder(binder);

TextField firstNameField = new TextField();
firstNameField.setWidthFull();
addCloseHandler(firstNameField, editor);
binder.forField(firstNameField)
        .asRequired("First name must not be empty")
        .withStatusLabel(firstNameValidationMessage)
        .bind(Person::getFirstName, Person::setFirstName);
firstNameColumn.setEditorComponent(firstNameField);

TextField lastNameField = new TextField();
lastNameField.setWidthFull();
addCloseHandler(lastNameField, editor);
binder.forField(lastNameField).asRequired("Last name must not be empty")
        .withStatusLabel(lastNameValidationMessage)
        .bind(Person::getLastName, Person::setLastName);
lastNameColumn.setEditorComponent(lastNameField);

EmailField emailField = new EmailField();
emailField.setWidthFull();
addCloseHandler(emailField, editor);
binder.forField(emailField).asRequired("Email must not be empty")
        .withValidator(
                new EmailValidator("Enter a valid email address"))
        .withStatusLabel(emailValidationMessage)
        .bind(Person::getEmail, Person::setEmail);
emailColumn.setEditorComponent(emailField);

grid.addItemDoubleClickListener(e -> {
    editor.editItem(e.getItem());
    Component editorComponent = e.getColumn().getEditorComponent();
    if (editorComponent instanceof Focusable) {
        ((Focusable) editorComponent).focus();
    }
});

Alternatively, use Grid Pro for more streamlined inline-editing, or CRUD for editing in a separate side panel or dialog.

Styling Rows & Columns

You can style individual cells based on the data. You might do this, for example, to highlight changes or important information.

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interface PersonWithRating extends Person {
  customerRating: number;
}

@customElement('grid-styling')
export class Example extends LitElement {
  protected override createRenderRoot() {
    const root = super.createRenderRoot();
    // Apply custom theme (only supported if your app uses one)
    applyTheme(root);
    return root;
  }

  @state()
  private items: PersonWithRating[] = [];

  private ratingFormatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', {
    minimumFractionDigits: 2,
    maximumFractionDigits: 2,
  });

  protected override async firstUpdated() {
    const { people } = await getPeople();
    this.items = people.map((person) => ({ ...person, customerRating: Math.random() * 10 }));
  }

  protected override render() {
    return html`
      <vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" .cellClassNameGenerator="${this.cellClassNameGenerator}">
        <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
        <vaadin-grid-column
          header="Customer rating (0-10)"
          ${columnBodyRenderer(this.ratingRenderer, [])}
        ></vaadin-grid-column>
      </vaadin-grid>
    `;
  }

  private ratingRenderer: GridColumnBodyLitRenderer<PersonWithRating> = (person) => html`
    <span>${this.ratingFormatter.format(person.customerRating)}</span>
  `;

  private cellClassNameGenerator(column: GridColumn, model: GridItemModel<PersonWithRating>) {
    const item = model.item;
    let classes = '';
    // Make the customer rating column bold
    if (column.header?.startsWith('Customer rating')) {
      classes += ' font-weight-bold';
    }
    // Add high-rating class to customer ratings of 8 or higher
    if (item.customerRating >= 8.0) {
      classes += ' high-rating';
      // Add low-rating class to customer ratings of 4 or lower
    } else if (item.customerRating <= 4.0) {
      classes += ' low-rating';
    }
    return classes;
  }
}

Theme Variants

Grid variants can reduce the white space inside the grid, adjust the border and row to highlight visibility, and control cell content overflow behavior.

Variants can be combined together.

Compact

The compact theme variant makes a grid more dense by reducing the header and row heights, as well as the spacing between columns.

This is useful for displaying more information on-screen without having to scroll. It can also help improve scannability and comparability between rows.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" theme="compact">
  <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
</vaadin-grid>

No Border

The no-border theme variant removes the outer border of the grid.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" theme="no-border">
  <vaadin-grid-column
    header="Image"
    flex-grow="0"
    auto-width
    ${columnBodyRenderer(this.avatarRenderer, [])}
  ></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
</vaadin-grid>

No Row Border

This theme variant removes the horizontal row borders. It’s best suited for small datasets. Parsing larger datasets may be difficult unless paired with the row-stripes theme variant.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" theme="no-row-borders">
  <vaadin-grid-column
    header="Image"
    flex-grow="0"
    auto-width
    ${columnBodyRenderer(this.avatarRenderer, [])}
  ></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
</vaadin-grid>

Column Borders

You can add vertical borders between columns by using the column-borders theme variant. Datasets with a lot of columns packed tightly together, or where content is truncated, can benefit from the additional separation that vertical borders bring.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" theme="column-borders">
  <vaadin-grid-column
    header="Image"
    flex-grow="0"
    auto-width
    ${columnBodyRenderer(this.avatarRenderer, [])}
  ></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
</vaadin-grid>

Row Stripes

The row-stripes theme produces a background color for every other row. This can have a positive effect on scannability.

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<vaadin-grid .items="${this.items}" theme="row-stripes">
  <vaadin-grid-column
    header="Image"
    flex-grow="0"
    auto-width
    ${columnBodyRenderer(this.avatarRenderer, [])}
  ></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
  <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
</vaadin-grid>

Cell Focus

Cells can be focused by clicking on a cell or with the keyboard.

The following keyboard shortcuts are available:

Tab

Switches focus between sections of the grid (i.e., header, body, footer).

Left, Up, Right, and Down Arrow Keys

Moves focus between cells within a section of the grid.

Page Up

Moves cell focus up by one page of visible rows.

Page Down

Moves cell focus down by one page of visible rows.

Home

Moves focus to the first cell in a row.

End

Moves focus to the last cell in a row.

The cell focus event can be used to get notified when the user changes focus between cells.

By default, the focus outline is only visible when using keyboard navigation. For illustrative purposes, the example below also uses custom styles to show the focus outline when clicking on cells:

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protected override render() {
  return html`
    <vaadin-grid
      theme="force-focus-outline"
      .items="${this.items}"
      @cell-focus="${(e: GridCellFocusEvent<Person>) => {
        const eventContext = this.grid.getEventContext(e);
        const section = eventContext.section ?? 'Not available';
        const row = eventContext.index != null ? eventContext.index : 'Not available';
        const column = eventContext.column?.path ?? 'Not available';
        const person = eventContext.item;
        const fullName =
          person?.firstName && person?.lastName
            ? `${person.firstName} ${person.lastName}`
            : 'Not available';

        this.eventSummary = `Section: ${section}\nRow: ${row}\nColumn: ${column}\nPerson: ${fullName}`;
      }}"
    >
      <vaadin-grid-column path="firstName"></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="lastName"></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="email"></vaadin-grid-column>
      <vaadin-grid-column path="profession"></vaadin-grid-column>
    </vaadin-grid>
    <div>
      <vaadin-text-area
        label="Cell focus event information"
        readonly
        .value="${this.eventSummary}"
      ></vaadin-text-area>
    </div>
  `;
}

Component	Usage Recommendations
CRUD	Component for creating, displaying, updating and deleting tabular data.
Grid Pro	Component for showing and editing tabular data.
Tree Grid	Component for showing hierarchical tabular data.
List Box	Lightweight component for lightweight, single-column lists.

Component

Usage Recommendations

CRUD

Component for creating, displaying, updating and deleting tabular data.

Grid Pro

Component for showing and editing tabular data.

Tree Grid

Component for showing hierarchical tabular data.

List Box

Lightweight component for lightweight, single-column lists.

AC63AABF-4102-4C3E-9776-A09DDC04EF37

Documentation

Content

Component Renderer vs. Lit Renderer (Flow Only)

Component Renderer

Lit Renderer

Wrap Cell Content

Dynamic Height

Selection

Single-Selection Mode

Multi-Select Mode

Columns

Column Alignment

Column Freezing

Column Grouping

Column Headers & Footers

Column Visibility

Column Reordering & Resizing

Column Width

Sorting

Sorting by Multiple Columns

Specifying the Sort Property

Filtering

Lazy Loading

Item Details

Context Menu

Tooltips

Drag and Drop

Drop Mode

Row Reordering

Drag Rows between Grids

Drag and Drop Filters

Inline Editing (Java Only)

Buffered

Non-Buffered

Styling Rows & Columns

Theme Variants

Compact

No Border

No Row Border

Column Borders

Row Stripes

Cell Focus

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