ok, I found the answer. you can set / replace the model using setContainerDataSource() method even after the UI element (Combobox in my case) is created:
BeanContainer<String, Bean> beans =
new BeanContainer<String, Bean>(Bean.class);
beans.setBeanIdProperty("name");
// Add some beans to it
beans.addBean(new Bean("Other container bean", 130.0));
myCombobox.setContainerDataSource(beans);